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solar PV power system that is connected to the utility grid. A grid-connected PV system consists of solar panels, one or several inverters, a power conditioning unit and grid connection equipment. They range from small residential and commercial rooftop systems to large utility-scale solar power stations. When conditions are right, the grid-connected PV system supplies the excess power, beyond consumption by the connected load, to the utility grid
On-Grid systems are solar systems that generate energy only when they are connected to the public electrical power network. They are stations that can be installed in all facilities, homes, schools, factories, hospitals...etc. The station is connected to the electricity network, the energy produced is used, and the surplus is sold. Energy generated from solar cells according to the price announced to electricity distribution companies under long-term contracts It is considered the simplest and most cost-effective system, as the capital recovery cycle for this station ranges from 2-4 years, and the economic return increases when the entire generated energy is consumed. It does not have batteries, which have a relatively short lifespan, and this reduces the station’s costs and operating expenses compared to a station that is not connected to the off grid. In these systems, an emergency system can be created to work only during a power outage in the public network, or the entire station can be operated with a hybrid system called a hybrid system. This system contains a smaller number of batteries than the off-grid system .
