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Water-based systems are used for protecting fire scenarios where the main hazard is fire spread caused primarily by thermal radiation. A typical example are fires at tank farms and bulk storage facilities where, besides extinguishing the main spill fire, a quick and powerful cooling is required for protecting adjacent surfaces from radiated heat. Typical water-based fire-fighting systems are Deluge Systems, dry pipe and wet pipe fire Sprinkler Systems, or Preaction Systems, hybrids of deluge and sprinkler systems. Besides the above mentioned fixed systems, other water-based extinguishing systems are water branch pipes and hydraulic nozzles with adjustable spray pattern, both to be installed on monitors, or else hand operated water branch pipes, in different models and capacities, to connect to fire hydrants by means of flexible sleeves, for a more capillary action and close to minor spills.It is the cheapest type of fire system because it uses water to extinguish, but it is not suitable in all fire situations such as (electricity, oils, open spaces)
A fire sprinkler system is an active fire protection method, consisting of a water supply system providing adequate pressure and flowrate to a water distribution piping system, to which fire sprinklers are connected. Although initially used only in factories and large commercial buildings, systems for homes and small buildings are now available at a cost-effective price. Fire sprinkler systems are extensively used worldwide, with over 40 million sprinkler heads fitted each year. Fire sprinkler systems are generally designed as a life saving system, but are not necessarily designed to protect the building. Of buildings completely protected by fire sprinkler systems, if a fire did initiate, it was controlled by the fire sprinklers alone in 96% of these cases
